Networking Fundamentals and TCP/IP

Hordhac ku saabsan Cinwaanada IP

Cinwaanada IP (Internet Protocol) waa aqoonsi gaar ah oo loo xilsaaro qalab kasta oo ku xiran shabakad IP ah. Waxay u oggolaadaan qalabka in ay isgaarsiiyaan oo ay is helaan.

Noocyada Cinwaanada IP

  • IPv4: Waa nooca ugu badan, wuxuuna isticmaalaa 32-bit address.
  • IPv6: Waa nooc cusub oo isticmaala 128-bit address, waxaana loo sameeyay inuu xalliyo yaraanta cinwaanada IPv4.

Qaabdhismeedka Cinwaanada IPv4

Cinwaanada IPv4 waxa loo qoraa qaab dhibco-tobanle ah, tusaale ahaan: 192.168.1.1. Waxa uu ka kooban yahay afar qaybood (octets), qayb kastana waxa ay u dhaxaysaa 0 ilaa 255.

Fasallada Cinwaanada IP

Cinwaanada IPv4 waxa loo qaybiyaa fasallo kala duwan, kuwaas oo loo isticmaalo shabakado kala duwan:

  • Class A: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa shabakadaha waaweyn (0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255).
  • Class B: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa shabakadaha dhexdhexaadka ah (128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255).
  • Class C: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa shabakadaha yaryar (192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255).

Cinwaanada Gaarka ah iyo Kuwa Dadweynaha

  • Cinwaanada Gaarka ah: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa shabakadaha gudaha, waana kuwo aan laga heli karin internetka si toos ah. Tusaale ahaan: 192.168.x.x, 10.x.x.x, iyo 172.16.x.x - 172.31.x.x.
  • Cinwaanada Dadweynaha: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa internetka, waana kuwo si gaar ah loo xilsaaray qalabka.

Habaynta Cinwaanada IP

Waxaa jira laba hab oo lagu habayn karo cinwaanada IP:

  • Si toos ah (DHCP): Serverka DHCP ayaa si toos ah u xilsaara cinwaan IP, subnet mask, gateway, iyo DNS server.
  • Gacanta (Static): Waxaad gacanta ku habaynaysaa cinwaanada IP, subnet mask, gateway, iyo DNS server.

Tusaale Habayn Gacan ah


Cinwaan IP: 192.168.1.10
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
DNS Server: 8.8.8.8

Hubinta Cinwaanada IP

Waxaad isticmaali kartaa amarradan si aad u hubiso cinwaanada IP:

  • Windows: ipconfig
  • Linux/macOS: ifconfig ama ip addr

Gunaanad

Fahamka cinwaanada IP waa muhiim si loo maareeyo loogana faa'iidaysto shabakadaha. Barashada noocyada cinwaanada, fasallada, iyo sida loo habeeyo waxay kaa caawinaysaa inaad si fiican u maareyso shabakadahaaga.