Fahamka Subnetting iyo CIDR

Subnetting waa farsamo loo isticmaalo in shabakad IP ah loo qaybiyo shabakado yaryar, loo yaqaan subnet. Tani waxay ka caawisaa maaraynta cinwaanada IP-ga si hufan oo ay wanaajisaa waxqabadka shabakadda.

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) waa hab loogu qoro cinwaanada IP-ga iyo subnet mask-ga qaab gaaban. Waxay beddeshay habkii hore ee classful addressing.

Sababta Subnetting loo Isticmaalo

• Hufnaanta Cinwaanada IP-ga: Waxay ka hortagtaa khasaaraha cinwaanada IP-ga.
• Amniga: Waxay u oggolaataa in shabakadda loo qaybiyo qaybo yaryar oo la ilaaliyo.
• Waxqabadka: Waxay yareysaa cidhiidhiga shabakadda iyada oo loo qaybinayo taraafikada.

Sida loo Xisaabiyo Subnet

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aan haysano cinwaan IP ah 192.168.1.0/24, waxaan u qaybin karnaa laba subnet:

1. Go'aami tirada subnet ee aad u baahan tahay.
2. Go'aami tirada bits ee aad u baahan tahay inaad amaahato.
3. Xisaabi subnet mask-ga cusub.

Asalka: 192.168.1.0/24 (255.255.255.0)
Subnet Mask Cusub: /25 (255.255.255.128)

Tusaale CIDR

Cinwaan IP ah oo lagu qoray qaabka CIDR wuxuu u eg yahay sidan: 192.168.1.10/24. Qaybta /24 waxay tilmaamaysaa subnet mask-ga, taasoo macnaheedu yahay 24 bits ugu horreeya cinwaanka IP-ga ayaa loo isticmaalaa aqoonsiga shabakadda.

Faa'iidooyinka CIDR

• Routing-ka oo Wanaagsan: Waxay fududaysaa routing-ka iyada oo la yareeyo cabbirka miisaska routing-ka.
• Qaybinta Cinwaanada oo Hufan: Waxay u oggolaataa in cinwaanada IP-ga loo qaybiyo si hufan.

Barashada subnetting iyo CIDR waxay muhiim u tahay maamulayaasha shabakadda si ay u maareeyaan shabakadaha si hufan oo ammaan ah.