Fahamka Cinwaanada IPv4 iyo IPv6

Cinwaanada IP (Internet Protocol) waa aqoonsi gaar ah oo loo xilsaaro qalab kasta oo ku xiran shabakad IP ah. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo waaweyn oo cinwaanada IP ah: IPv4 iyo IPv6.

IPv4

IPv4 waa noocii asalka ahaa ee cinwaanada IP, waxaana uu isticmaalaa 32 bits si uu u abuuro cinwaan. Tani waxay u oggolaaneysaa ilaa 4.3 bilyan oo cinwaanno gaar ah. Cinwaan IPv4 wuxuu u eg yahay sidan: 192.168.1.1.

Cinwaan IPv4 wuxuu ka kooban yahay afar octet, oo midkiiba uu yahay lambar u dhexeeya 0 iyo 255, waxaana lagu kala soocaa dhibco.

# Tusaale cinwaan IPv4
192.168.1.1

IPv6

IPv6 waa nooca ugu dambeeyay ee cinwaanada IP, waxaana uu isticmaalaa 128 bits si uu u abuuro cinwaan. Tani waxay u oggolaaneysaa tiro aad u badan oo cinwaanno ah, si looga gudbo xadka IPv4. Cinwaan IPv6 wuxuu u eg yahay sidan: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.

Cinwaan IPv6 wuxuu ka kooban yahay siddeed qaybood oo hexadecimal ah, oo midkiiba uu ka kooban yahay afar lambar oo hexadecimal ah, waxaana lagu kala soocaa laba dhibcood.

# Tusaale cinwaan IPv6
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

Farqiga u dhexeeya IPv4 iyo IPv6

• Dhererka Cinwaanka: IPv4 waa 32 bits, halka IPv6 uu yahay 128 bits.
• Tirada Cinwaanada: IPv4 wuxuu bixiyaa ilaa 4.3 bilyan oo cinwaan, halka IPv6 uu bixiyo tiro aad u badan oo cinwaanno ah.
• Qaabka Cinwaanka: IPv4 wuxuu isticmaalaa qaab tobanle oo dhibco leh, halka IPv6 uu isticmaalo qaab hexadecimal ah oo laba dhibcood leh.

Isticmaalka Cinwaanada IP

Cinwaanada IP waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu aqoonsado qalabka shabakadda, loona hago xogta u dhexeysa qalabkaas. Marka aad booqato degel, cinwaanada IP ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu helo server-ka martigelinaya degelka, loona soo diro xogta adiga.

Tusaale: Marka aad ku qorto google.com biraawsarkaaga, biraawsarkaaga wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu ogaado cinwaanka IP ee server-ka Google. Nidaamka DNS (Domain Name System) ayaa loo isticmaalaa in magaca domain-ka loo beddelo cinwaan IP.

# Tusaale sida DNS u shaqeeyo
Magaca Domain: google.com
Cinwaanka IP: 142.250.185.142

Habaynta Cinwaanada IP

Cinwaanada IP waxaa loo habeyn karaa si toos ah (iyadoo loo marayo DHCP) ama gacanta (adiga oo si toos ah u qoraya cinwaanka).

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Waa hab-maamuus si toos ah u xilsaara cinwaanada IP qalabka ku xiran shabakadda.

Habaynta Gacan: Waxaad si toos ah u habeyn kartaa cinwaanka IP qalabkaaga adiga oo galaya goobaha shabakadda ee qalabkaaga.