Networking Fundamentals and TCP/IP

Hordhac ku saabsan DNS

DNS (Domain Name System) waa nidaamka loo isticmaalo in cinwaanada domain-ka loo beddelo cinwaanada IP-ga. Tusaale ahaan, marka aad ku qorto www.ereyle.com browser-kaaga, DNS ayaa mas'uul ka ah inuu u beddelo cinwaanka IP-ga server-ka martigelinaya website-ka.

Sida DNS u Shaqeeyo

Marka aad codsato bogga internetka, waxyaabaha soo socda ayaa dhacaya:

  1. Browser-kaaga ayaa weydiinaya DNS resolver (sida kan ay bixiso ISP-gaaga) cinwaanka IP-ga ee domain-ka.
  2. DNS resolver-ka ayaa laga yaabaa inuu horey u lahaa macluumaadka keyd (cache). Haddii kale, wuxuu weydiinayaa root nameserver.
  3. Root nameserver-ka ayaa u sheegaya DNS resolver-ka server-ka mas'uulka ka ah domain-ka heerka sare (TLD) sida .com.
  4. DNS resolver-ka ayaa weydiinaya TLD nameserver-ka cinwaanka server-ka mas'uulka ka ah domain-ka ereyle.com.
  5. TLD nameserver-ka ayaa u sheegaya DNS resolver-ka cinwaanka authoritative nameserver-ka ee ereyle.com.
  6. DNS resolver-ka ayaa weydiinaya authoritative nameserver-ka cinwaanka IP-ga ee www.ereyle.com.
  7. Authoritative nameserver-ka ayaa u soo celinaya cinwaanka IP-ga DNS resolver-ka.
  8. DNS resolver-ka ayaa u soo celinaya cinwaanka IP-ga browser-kaaga.
  9. Browser-kaaga ayaa codsanaya bogga internetka isagoo isticmaalaya cinwaanka IP-ga.

Noocyada Diiwaanka DNS

Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo diiwaanka DNS ah, kuwa ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah:

  • A (Address) Record: Wuxuu u beddelaa domain-ka cinwaanka IPv4.
  • AAAA (Quad-A) Record: Wuxuu u beddelaa domain-ka cinwaanka IPv6.
  • CNAME (Canonical Name) Record: Wuxuu u sameeyaa magac kale (alias) domain kale.
  • MX (Mail Exchange) Record: Wuxuu qeexaa server-ka boostada ee mas'uulka ka ah aqbalaadda emails domain-ka.
  • TXT (Text) Record: Wuxuu keydiyaa qoraal xor ah, badanaa loo isticmaalo xaqiijinta.
  • NS (Name Server) Record: Wuxuu qeexaa authoritative nameserver-ka domain-ka.

Habaynta DNS

Habaynta DNS waxay ku xiran tahay server-kaaga iyo bixiyaha domain-kaaga. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad isticmaaleysid cPanel, waxaad ka heli doontaa qeybta DNS Zone Editor.

# Tusaale diiwaan A ah
www.ereyle.com.  3600  IN  A  192.0.2.1

Tusaale diiwaan MX ah


ereyle.com.   3600  IN  MX  10 mail.ereyle.com.

Talooyin ku saabsan DNS

  • Faafiinta DNS: Marka aad wax ka beddesho diiwaanka DNS, waxay qaadan kartaa waqti in isbeddeladaas ay faafaan internetka oo dhan. Tani waxay qaadan kartaa ilaa 48 saacadood.
  • Hubinta DNS: Waxaa jira qalab badan oo online ah oo aad u isticmaali karto si aad u hubiso diiwaanka DNS-kaaga, sida dig iyo nslookup.

Fahamka DNS waa muhiim u ah maamulka shabakadaha iyo website-yada. Waxay kaa caawineysaa inaad hubiso in domain-kaaga uu si sax ah ugu xiran yahay server-kaaga.